管道内流动力学修正耗散模型

基于二维流体动力学方程组,根据管道内流动力学相关特性以及管道输入端流场边界条件,提出了修正耗散模型。相对于耗散模型,修正耗散模型考虑了管道输入端流场的影响,能够更精确地描述风洞试验中管道效应对动态压力测量的影响。FL-14风洞动态压力试验也表明:管道间接测量的动态压力结果经过修正耗散模型进行修正后,能够大幅度减少管道效应所带来的误差。在一定试验条件下,耗散模型修正结果的相对误差高达534%,而修正耗散模型修正结果的相对误差只有66%。      

气相速度脉动对JP-10液滴破碎的影响

在不同时均气相速度、初始液滴尺寸和速度脉动频率条件下,研究了气相速度脉动对JP-10液滴破碎速率的影响。计算结果表明,低时均气相速度时,小尺寸液滴较难破碎;达到破碎条件的情况下,随着脉动强度的增大液滴破碎所用时间缩短,而气相速度脉动频率对JP-10液滴破碎的影响不明显。     

Multi-resolution Analysis of Density Fluctuation of Coherent Structures About Supersonic Flow over VG

The density field around a vortex generator (VG) in supersonic flow is studied with a nanoparticle-based planar laser scattering (NPLS) method. Based on the calibration, i.e., the density distribution of the supersonic flow around a wedge, the density field of a supersonic VG is measured. According to movement characteristics of coherent structure in VG’s flow fields and the basic concepts of wavelet, the density fluctuating signals and multi-resolution characteristics of density field images are studied. The multi-resolution characteristics of density fluctuation can be analyzed with wavelet transformation of NPLS images. The wavelet approximate coefficients of density fluctuating signals exhibit their characteristics at different scales, and the corresponding detail coefficients show the difference of diverse layer smooth approximation in some way. Based on 2D wavelet decomposition and reconstruction of density field images, the approximate and detail signals at different scales are studied, and the coherent structures at different scales are extracted and analyzed.     

高超声速尖锥边界层转捩数值模拟

边界层转捩对高超声速飞行器气动力和热产生重要影响.通过联立求解Favré平均层流脉动能方程与Favré平均Navier-Stokes方程,开展了高马赫数条件下尖锥边界层转捩位置的数值预测研究.将数值计算结果与可用的实验结果进行对比,结果表明增大单位Reynolds数可使转捩提前发生,攻角效应可使迎风面转捩延迟,背风面转捩提前.     

一种更精确的带有杆臂补偿的速度加姿态匹配传递对准模型

针对捷联惯导系统的传递对准问题,提出了一种更精确的带有杆臂补偿和速度差乘积项的速度加姿态匹配的传递对准模型。对准模型中增加杆臂补偿项提高了系统的稳态精度;增加速度差乘积项改善了系统的动态响应,加快了滤波器收敛速度。采用“摇摆机动”的飞行轨迹,对传递对准滤波器进行了仿真;仿真结果证明了传递对准模型的有效性。     

航空柱塞泵配流盘结构动态优化方法

通过详细分析航空柱塞泵排油过程中的过流面积变化,同时考虑油液的压缩性和柱塞泵的泄漏,建立了航空柱塞泵瞬时流量的非线性数学模型.提出了一种航空柱塞泵配流盘结构的动态优化方法,该优化方法以航空柱塞泵瞬时流量脉动幅值最小为优化目标,采用旋转矢量法对配流盘结构参数进行实时在线寻优.仿真结果表明:该动态优化方法具有很高的效率和实用性,为航空柱塞泵的结构优化设计和消震、降噪研究提供了有力的理论依据.      

基于分布估计算法的翼型稳健设计(英文)

A transonic airfoil designed by means of classical point-optimization may result in its dramatically inferior performance under off-design conditions. To overcome this shortcoming, robust design is proposed to find out the optimal profile of an airfoil to maintain its performance in an uncertain environment. The robust airfoil optimization is aimed to minimize mean values and variances of drag coefficients while satisfying the lift and thickness constraints over a range of Mach numbers. A multi-objective estimation of distribution algorithm is applied to the robust airfoil optimization on the base of the RAE2822 benchmark airfoil. The shape of the airfoil is obtained through superposing ten Hick-Henne shape functions upon the benchmark airfoil. A set of design points is selected according to a uniform design table for aerodynamic evaluation. A Kriging model of drag coefficient is constructed with those points to reduce computing costs. Over the Mach range from 0.7 to 0.8, the airfoil generated by the robust optimization has a configuration characterized by supercritical airfoil with low drag coefficients. The small fluctuation in its drag coefficients means that the performance of the robust airfoil is insensitive to variation of Mach number.     

压气机转子叶片表面动态压力测量的探索研究

将一个Kulite动态压力传感器埋入轴流压气机转子叶片50%叶高、25%轴向弦长位置,对该点吸力面动态压力进行了实验测量,并与CFD数值模拟结果进行了对比,为今后进一步测量转子表面静压分布和动态压力脉动积累了丰富的经验。实验中数据采集系统固定在压气机转轴上随其一起旋转,可以对压力信号直接进行采集、放大并存储。结果表明：①叶片表面静压实验测量值与计算结果吻合较好,说明测量结果是可信的;②可以成功地捕捉到转子叶片表面的非定常压力脉动,测量点非定常压力脉动的周期与转子转动周期相同。     

风沙流中沙粒相浓度的高频测量

在大气边界层风洞内采用高速CMOS相机记录了定常来流条件下运动沙粒的图像。根据二进制图像标记像素的连通性,从数字图像中提取相机拍摄区域内沙粒的数量N,由此计算得到风沙流的瞬时含沙量q。获取图像的同时,使用恒温式热线风速仪MiniCTA配合55R49热膜探头测量观测域上方主流位置和跃移层顶部附近的风速变化。实验结果表明,即使在定常风速下,瞬时含沙量也是非稳定的,为了真实的记录瞬时含沙量的变化,测量频率至少需要在100Hz以上。定常风速下,高浓度风沙流含沙量的最大波动幅度可达到其时均值的50%以上;而当定常来流风速值在沙粒起动风速附近时,低浓度风沙流的含沙量具有明显的间歇性。     

基于巨涨落模式的民航安全周期界定方法研究

中国民航安全水平的周期性问题是民航安全研究的热点之一。在总结已有的民航安全波动周期界定方法的基础上,分析了系统安全周期性现象的形成过程,提出了采用安全水平巨涨落波动模式判断宏观安全周期的新方法,比较了不同界定方法的特点,并对新界定方法安全周期滞后的原因进行了分析,新方法对深化安全周期性问题的认识、促进持续安全具有积极意义。